Snapdragons, with their whimsical dragon-like blooms, bring a touch of magic and vibrant color to any garden. Known scientifically as Antirrhinum majus, these charming flowers have captivated gardeners for centuries. Here's everything you need to know about these delightful plants.
The Fascinating Name and Appearance
The name "snapdragon" comes from the flower's unique shape: when you gently squeeze the sides of the bloom, the "mouth" opens and snaps shut like a dragon's jaws. This playful feature has delighted children (and adults) for generations—try it yourself!
Botanically, the name Antirrhinum derives from Greek words meaning "like a nose" or "snout-like," referring to the snout-shaped flower. The blooms grow in tall spikes, opening from the bottom up, and feature two lips that form that iconic dragon face.
Colors and Varieties
Snapdragons come in a stunning array of colors: white, yellow, pink, red, orange, purple, lavender, and even bicolors or multicolored patterns. Heights vary too—from dwarf varieties (under 1 foot) perfect for edging or containers, to mid-size (1-2 feet), and tall types (up to 3-4 feet) ideal for cut flowers and dramatic borders.
Popular series include:
- Rocket or Liberty for classic tall spikes.
- Madame Butterfly or Double Azalea for ruffled, double blooms.
- Chantilly or Bright Butterflies for open-faced, butterfly-like flowers.
- Trailing types like Candy Showers or Cascadia for hanging baskets.
These vibrant spikes create eye-catching displays, whether in a mixed border or as a standalone feature.
History and Symbolism
Native to the rocky areas of southwestern Europe (especially the Mediterranean region, like Spain and Italy), snapdragons have been cultivated since at least the 15th century. They were popular in Victorian gardens and even noted by Thomas Jefferson in the 18th century.
In the language of flowers, snapdragons symbolize strength, grace, and protection—thanks to their resilience in tough conditions and ability to "snap" back. Some traditions link them to warding off evil spirits or deception (from their mysterious "mouth"). Color-specific meanings add layers: red for passion, yellow for joy, white for purity, and purple for mystery.
They're also pollinator magnets, attracting bumblebees (strong enough to pry open the lips), hummingbirds, and butterflies.
Growing Snapdragons
These short-lived perennials are usually grown as annuals. They thrive in cool weather and often languish in hot summers, making them perfect for spring and fall displays.
- Planting: Start seeds indoors 6-10 weeks before the last frost, or direct-sow in cool climates. They need light to germinate. Transplant in full sun to partial shade with well-drained, moist, rich soil.
- Care: Space 6-12 inches apart (taller varieties may need staking). Water regularly but avoid overhead watering to prevent rust. Pinch young plants for bushier growth.
- Bloom time: Early spring through fall in mild areas, with peak in cooler months.
- Tips: They're somewhat deer-resistant and make excellent cut flowers (lasting up to two weeks in a vase).
Snapdragons are low-maintenance yet high-impact—ideal for adding vertical interest and cheerful pops of color. Whether you're planting a cottage garden, filling containers, or creating bouquets, these "dragon flowers" are sure to charm.
Have you grown snapdragons before? Which color or variety is your favorite? Share in the comments—I'd love to hear your stories!
