Stock flowers, also known as Matthiola incana (or simply "stock"), are a beloved classic in gardens and floral arrangements. With their tall, spiky clusters of fragrant blooms, sweet-spicy clove-like scent, and cottage-garden charm, these flowers bring nostalgia, romance, and lasting beauty to any space. Whether you're a gardener, a florist enthusiast, or just someone who loves a scented bouquet, stock deserves a spot in your floral knowledge.
What Are Stock Flowers?
Stock belongs to the Brassicaceae family (yes, related to cabbage and mustard!), and its most common species is Matthiola incana. Native to the Mediterranean region, these plants feature gray-green, slightly fuzzy ("hoary") leaves and dense spikes of four-petaled flowers that can be single or double. Blooms typically reach 12–36 inches tall, with clusters forming along the upper stem for a lush, textured look.
Colors range from soft pastels (pink, lavender, cream) to bolder shades (purple, red, white), making them incredibly versatile. The fragrance is a standout feature—often described as sweetly spicy or clove-like—and it's strongest in the evening or when placed near windows and seating areas.
Other common names include gillyflower, hoary stock, Brompton stock, ten-week stock, or even "perfume plant." In Victorian times, stock symbolized lasting affection, contentment, and a happy life, often given to express deep, sincere love.
Growing Stock Flowers
Stock thrives as a cool-season annual (or biennial in milder climates). It's perfect for spring and early summer displays, blooming for 4–8 weeks before hot weather causes it to fade.
Key growing tips:
- Light — Full sun (at least 6 hours daily) to partial shade in hotter areas.
- Soil — Rich, well-draining, slightly alkaline (pH 6.8–7.5). Add compost for best results.
- Planting — Start seeds indoors 6–8 weeks before the last frost, or direct-sow after frost danger passes. Space plants 6–12 inches apart. For earlier blooms, treat as biennials by sowing in summer for next-spring flowers.
- Water & Care — Keep soil consistently moist (but not soggy). Fertilize monthly with a balanced formula. Pinch tips when young for bushier growth and more spikes. Deadhead spent blooms to extend flowering.
- Challenges — Sensitive to extreme heat (above 65–70°F) and humidity—blooms may pause or decline. Watch for potassium deficiency (brown leaf tips) and avoid over-nitrogen for strong stems.
In zones 7–10, some varieties overwinter as short-lived perennials with mulch protection.
Stock in Floral Arrangements & Bouquets
Florists love stock for its reliability and impact. The tall stems (12–28 inches when cut) add height and structure, while the clustered double blooms provide rich texture and filler-like fullness without being overwhelming.
Why it's popular in bouquets:
- Long vase life — 5–10+ days with proper care (recut stems, fresh water, floral preservative).
- Fragrance — Fills rooms with a delightful, nostalgic scent.
- Versatility — Works as a focal flower in mixed designs or solo in simple bunches. Pairs beautifully with roses, peonies, snapdragons, larkspur, or greenery like eucalyptus.
- Seasonal appeal — A go-to for spring weddings, cottage-style arrangements, and romantic gestures.
Harvest when 1/3–1/2 of florets are open for longest life. Stocks are ethylene-sensitive, so keep away from ripening fruit. Double-flowered varieties are prized for lavish fullness, though singles offer a more natural look.
Why Stock Remains Timeless
In a world of trendy exotics, stock stands out for its old-fashioned elegance and sensory punch. It's not the flashiest bloom, but its reliable performance, intoxicating perfume, and symbolic promise of lasting joy make it a favorite for gardeners growing cutting patches and florists building bouquets that feel personal and heartfelt.
Next time you're at the farmer's market or planning a garden, look for stock—its sweet scent might just become your new signature flower.
